Why include shrubs in a pollinator garden
Before we introduce you to these five shrubs for pollinators, it’s important to understand why shrubs are an important addition to a pollinator garden in the first place.
While bees and butterflies forage for nectar and pollen on a broad diversity of flowering perennials and annuals, shrubs fill in several important gaps that those types of plants leave open.
- In addition to offering a source of nectar via their flowers, the foliage of certain shrubs can also serve as a larval host plant for various butterfly and moth caterpillars.
- They also provide year-round habitat for pollinating insects who build their tiny brood chambers or hunker down for the winter inside of hollow shrub stems.
- While monarchs fly south for the winter, most other butterflies spend the cold months as chrysalides, eggs, or even caterpillars clinging to the branches of woody shrubs and other plants left standing for the winter.
- It’s especially important to include shrubs in your pollinator garden if you cut your perennials down to the ground for the winter, instead of leaving them stand (which is one of the best things you can do for pollinators).
For these reasons and more, pollinator-friendly shrubs should be included in every list of pollinator plants, no matter which gardening zone you call home.
Selecting pollinator-friendly shrubs
There are hundreds of blooming shrubs whose flowers are relished by pollinators, but not all of them are suited to the average yard. Some grow too large, or they produce messy berries, or their blooms don’t have enough impact for most homeowners. When selecting shrubs for pollinators, it’s of primary importance to consider which pollinators they support, but it’s also important to know the plants will perform well in your landscape.
The following five shrubs for pollinators are not just packed with pollinator fuel in the form of food and habitat, they’re also gorgeous garden specimens, suited to both the back and the front yard. In fact, they make wonderful additions not just to pollinator gardens, but also to foundation plantings, shrub islands, front walks, and perennial borders, too.
5 Flowering shrubs for pollinators
Ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius): Ninebark is a lovely flowering shrub native to eastern North American. But, as a straight species, ninebark grows too large for most yards. That’s where cultivars like Amber Jubilee™ come into play. Selected for its more compact size (five feet tall by four feet wide), its hardiness (it shrugs off temps as low as -50 degrees F!), its tolerance of lousy soils, and its striking orange and gold foliage, this variety is a pollinator gardener’s dream. Clusters of white flowers top the stems in both spring and fall. In addition to providing nectar and pollen to various species of bees and butterflies, ninebark is also a host plant for several moth caterpillars, including the amazing unicorn caterpillar (Schizura unicornis).
Blue Mist Shrub (Caryopteris x clandonensis): In bloom from late summer through fall, caryopteris is one of the most striking shrubs for pollinators. Sapphire Surf™ is a very low maintenance, compact variety that reaches just two feet tall and three feet wide, about half the size of most other varieties. The clusters of rich blue flowers absolutely smother the plant’s gray-blue foliage during peak bloom time. It’s hardy in zones 5 to 9, and it’s adored by bees, butterflies, and people in equal measure. The only care it requires is a hard pruning in early spring (that means late March in my Pennsylvania garden).
Shrubby Cinquefoli (Potentilla fruticosa): When it comes to shrubs for pollinators, cinquefoil has so much to offer. Not only is it native to parts of the U.S. and Canada, it’s also known to support a broad diversity of beneficial predatory insects that help manage pests in the garden. Basically, it’s a pollinator-friendly shrub that takes its job very seriously! In full flower all summer long (with an occasional shearing of the spent flower clusters), Creme Brule™ is a cultivar of our North American native cinquefoil that produces half-inch-wide, white flowers in large groups, speckling the dark green foliage with blooms for months. Hardy to -50 degrees F, Creme Brule™ cinquefoil is a shrub for pollinators that tops out at 3 feet tall with an equal width.
Rose of Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus): Admittedly, I have mixed feelings about rose of Sharon shrubs, due to the fact that they tend to throw a lot of seeds and can grow quite weedy. But, when it comes to their pollinator prowess, there’s no arguing that these summer-blooming shrubs provide a plethora of pollen and nectar to several species of bees. As evidenced by the photo below of a variety called Bali™, your view of the open blossoms often includes a bee butt or two. I’ve learned to prune my rose of Sharon immediately after it blooms, to remove as many of the seeds as possible and allow the plant to generate new growth to support next year’s blooms. Bali™ is a particularly attractive selection with four-inch-wide blooms that are pure white with a fuchsia center. They top out at just five to eight feet tall and survive the winter down to -20 degrees F.
Buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis): Oh how pollinators love buttonbush! But, the straight species of this North American native shrub can grow quite large. Fiber Optics® is a more compact selection that reaches only six feet in height, instead of 10 or more. Buttonbush loves moist to average garden soils; it even tolerates spring floods and streamside planting with grace. The white, golf-ball shaped flower clusters appear in early summer and are covered in many nectar-seeking bees, beetles, wasps, and butterflies for weeks on end. Winter hardy to -30 degrees F, buttonbush is also a host plant for 18 different species of moth caterpillars here in Pennsylvania, including several sphinx moths.
As you can see, there are many beautiful shrubs for pollinators that don’t just help you create a pretty landscape, they also serve a greater purpose by providing food and habitat to many different species of bees and butterflies.
A big thank you to First Editions® Plants for sponsoring this post and helping us share the many benefits of these important flowering shrubs for pollinators. To find a nursery near you that carries the varieties featured above, please visit the ‘Find a Retailer’ feature on the First Editions® website.
Do you have a pollinator garden? Tell us about some of your favorite pollinator-friendly plants in the comment section below.
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